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05-03-2026 10:07

Hulda Caroline Holte

Hello, I found and collected this species growing

11-03-2026 17:36

Michel Hairaud Michel Hairaud

Bonjour, Je cherche des indices  pour cette réc

12-03-2026 19:44

Enrique Rubio Enrique Rubio

Hi to everybody.Can you give me any suggestions ab

08-03-2026 14:05

Thierry Blondelle Thierry Blondelle

Bonjour à tous,Sur 3 récoltes supposées de H. l

12-03-2026 15:45

Åge Oterhals

Dear forum,I found this small discomycete on a ver

12-03-2026 16:17

Sylvie Le Goff

Bonjour à tousRécolté dans le 22 en France (ré

12-03-2026 14:37

David Wasilewski

These small ascomycota (1-3 mm) ere observed growi

11-03-2026 16:48

Bruno Coué Bruno Coué

Bonjour, je serais heureux d'avoir votre avis sur

09-02-2026 22:01

ruiz Jose

Hola, me paso esta colección en madera de pino, t

11-03-2026 14:14

Gernot Friebes

Hi,I would like to share a collection of Scopinell

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White apothecia on pine cone
Hulda Caroline Holte, 05-03-2026 10:07
Hello,

I found and collected this species growing on Pinus sylvestris cones on the 8th of February, in Buskerud county, Norway. The temperature was around -10° C when I collected the specimen, but the apothecia quickly revitalised when put in a moist plastic bag in the fridge.


The largest apothecia measure 400 µm diameter and have an approximately 100 µm long stalk.


The ascospores have many small LBs. OCI about 2 (3)
(5,8) 6,7-7,7 (8,6) x 1,9-2,4µm
Mean= 6,81 x 2,2µm


Asci with croziers IKI+ Most asci react blue, but some turn reddish (even where I would assume that the concentration of iodine would be the same, see photo)
(34,6) 36,5-43,2 x (5,3) 5,8-7,7 µm


The paraphyses are cyllindric-clavate, septate and have a large refractive vacuole (?). The vacuole (?) partially dissolves and turns golden in IKI. It does not stain readily in CRB (even after multiple minutes), but I have seen some dark blue spots (metachromatic bodies?) especially after adding KOH to the other side of the slide. The paraphyses measure up to 3,3 µm at the tips.


The hairs are slightly rough and measure 3,2-4 µm at the apex. Most of the hairs contain a more or less globular body which turn amber in IKI.


The spore measurements were taken from newly discharged spores in a water mount. All measurements were taken from living cells.


Does anyone have an idea as to which species, or even genus this might be?


Thank you in advance and best regards,


Hulda

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Hans-Otto Baral, 05-03-2026 11:13
Hans-Otto Baral
Re : White apothecia on pine cone
Very good description! Surely the contents in paraphyses and hairs are VBs. Sometimes it is necessary to make the preparation slightly alcaline, e.g. with NH4OH or very diluted KOH which aids the CRB to enter the living cells. But too much alcali kills the cells.

Despite the rough hairs this must be a Pezizellaceae, perhaps a Ciliolarina?

Zotto
Hulda Caroline Holte, 05-03-2026 17:19
Re : White apothecia on pine cone
Thank you for your answer and for the feedback! 
Ciliolarina seems like a good suggestion. Is there anything that I can check to narrow it down further? 
I read in your "Vital versus herbarium taxonomy" that "CRB never induces the formation of MCs but rather stains the bodies in a homogeneous turquoise-blue" (pg 364). In the CRB mount that I added KOH to (closer to the KOH than the photos shown here) I observed a turquoise color (not shown in the photos) a few seconds before the cells died and the color disappeared. I did not observe the strong turquoise color elsewhere. Can VBs sometimes get dark blue spots in CRB instead of staining turquoise?
Kind regards, Hulda
Hans-Otto Baral, 05-03-2026 17:30
Hans-Otto Baral
Re : White apothecia on pine cone
Good question. Ciliolarina is difficult. Some persons are working on it, Stip and Ingo. There exist taxa such as C. neglecta in which the VBs stain violet in IKI, but this is definitely not the case here.

Often the spores get a lilac surface in CRB due to some gel on them. Not sure if all species of the genus do that. 

Yoru question about the turquoise stain: you seem to have seen it for a second, so this is just what I mean. With a lower alcali concentration you would see it longer. 

Dark blue spots in VBs of living cells I cannot imagine. Only when the cells are dead such a colour seems possible.
Hulda Caroline Holte, 06-03-2026 09:45
Re : White apothecia on pine cone
Thank you again for your answers.
Kind regards, Hulda
Ingo Wagner, 08-03-2026 22:33
Ingo Wagner
Re : White apothecia on pine cone
Hello Hulda!

Nice description!
"The ascospores have many small LBs. OCI about 2 (3)
(5,8) 6,7-7,7 (8,6) x 1,9-2,4µm
Mean= 6,81 x 2,2µm"

Are the spores really that narrow?
Could you show the brown IKI reaction of the vacuoles in the paraphyses again in a larger area?

Thank you and greetings
Ingo

Hulda Caroline Holte, 13-03-2026 09:58
Re : White apothecia on pine cone
Thank you for your interest, Ingo.
The asci in the previous water mount kept ejecting new spores and created shifting in the water that moved the spores and made them difficult to measure. Hence, I could not be 100% sure that the measurements were correct so I have now I measured the spores again. This time from a fresh spore print.
These are the new measurements:
(5,3) 5,8-7,2 (7,7) x (2,1) 2,2-2,9µm
Mean= 6,45 x 2,51µm

I have added photos of the paraphyses in a larger area as requested. Let me know if these are insufficient. I have also added a photo of the spores from the spore print in CRB.


Kind regards, Hulda

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